Tunisia ranked first in North Africa in a report on good governance

Tunisia continues to receive favourable ratings in international reports. Following the latest World Economic Forum Global Competitiveness Report where Tunisia was ranked first in Africa and in the Maghreb, Tunisia is ranked first in North Africa, in the annual report on good governance recently published by the Harvard Kennedy School of Government. The report credits Tunisia with an overall score of 71.5 points out of 100.

Tunisia is credited with excellent scores on the strength of its performance in terms of “human development,” “transparency and rule of law” and the “climate of security”, with scores of 89, 70.5 and 100 points respectively. Tunisia comes ahead of Algeria (7th), Morocco (12th), Egypt (18th) and Libya (21st).

The third annual report published by the Kennedy School of Governance which is part of Harvard’s school of political sciences, focuses this year on “Strengthening Governance in Africa”. The rankings were established on the basis of 57 indexes of good governance centred on such determinants as security, transparency, rule of law, participation and human rights, economic stability and human development.

The report stresses the correlation between good governance, on the one hand, and development and security of each country, on the other.

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Morocco launches solar energy plant

King Mohamed VI on Friday, 28 March, laid the foundation stone of the Ain Beni Mathar thermo-solar electricity plant at a ceremony attended by many people, including the AfDB's Resident Representative in Morocco, Nono Matondo-Fundani. The ceremony, held at the site of the project, 86 km to the south of Oujda in eastern Morocco, signified the official commencement of works on the two-phased combined and integrated power station with an installed capacity to generate 472 MW of electricity, including 20 MW from the solar component.

The cost of the project is estimated at € 400 million. The Bank will partially finance the project with two loans amounting to € 287.85 million, of which € 36.45 million was approved in March 2005 and € 151.40 million in December 2007.m Other sources of funding include $ 43.20 million from the Global Environment Fund (GEF), a loan of € 43 million from the Spanish Development Agency (ICO) and the National Electricity Corporation (ONE) of Morocco.

Allafrica

Key facts: Africa to Europe migration

Thousands of Africans try to make the journey to Europe each year as illegal migrants - risking people smugglers, deserts, sea crossings and the possibility of being sent home, all for the dream of a better life.

ECONOMIC PROFILES
EUROZONE Life expectancy: 80 years Population growth: 0.6% School enrolment, primary: 98.9% HIV prevalence (aged 15-49): 0.3% Internet users (per 1,000 people): 439.4 Time to start a business: 26.9 days
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Life expectancy: 47 years Population growth: 2.3% School enrolment, primary: 65.7% HIV prevalence (aged 15-49): 5.8% Internet users (per 1,000 people): 29 Time to start a business: 61.5 days
Source: World Bank 2005

ROUTES TO EUROPE
The main aim of migrants is to reach European soil - be it mainland Europe or the Spanish enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla or islands in the Atlantic and Mediterranean.
The main departure points are:

• West coast of Africa: Northern Mauritania, Western Sahara and southern Morocco from where most head for the Canary Islands.
• Northern Morocco to cross into Ceuta and Melilla or cross the straits to Spain.
• Tunisia and Libya for boats heading for Italy's island of Lampedusa, Sicily and Malta.

But first the migrants must cross great distances. The main routes are:
SMUGGLERS' PRICES BY SEA:
Africa to Canary Islands: 1,000-1,500 euros
North Morocco to Spain: 1,000 euros
Libya to Italy: 1,500-2,000 euros BY LAND:
Sub-Sahara to Morocco: 1,000-2,000 euros
Through Mali: 1,000 euros
Across Sahara: 1,700-3,400 euros BY AIR/LAND/SEA:
South Asia to Africa to Europe: 9,000-16,000 euros Source: UN

DESTINATION SPAIN
As the closest European country to the African continent, Spain is on the frontline for illegal migration. From there, migrants often make their way to other European countries.

Spain's enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla in northern Morocco are initial targets for many migrants. Once detained they can be expelled, repatriated or sent to mainland Spain, where many are reported to be released, pending expulsion. The enclaves' authorities were forced to double the size of border fences around the coastal territories in 2005 when hundreds of migrants attempted to scale the defences. Two migrants were shot dead by a Moroccan guard.

For years, people have risked crossing the sea to get to mainland Spain, but in 2006 there was a closer focus on its islands - thousands headed for the Canary Islands in former African fishing boats, prompting an increase in joint "Frontex" patrol operations by Spain, the EU and African nations. But tightening security at one departure point simply seems to shift it elsewhere.

IMMIGRANTS IN EUROPE
The latest report on migration by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) says African migration to developed countries is marginal in relation to overall flows. The majority of African migrants living overseas are in Europe - about 4.6m compared with 890,000 in the US, according to the International Organization for Migration. But the Migration Policy Institute believes there are between seven and eight million irregular African immigrants living in the EU - the actual number changing depending on regularisation schemes in the member states.

About two-thirds of Africans in Europe are from north Africa (Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia). An increasing number are travelling from Sub-Saharan Africa, mainly heading for the former colonial powers of France, England, Germany and Italy. Most Sub-Saharan migrants are from West Africa - Ghana, Nigeria and Senegal, in particular.

About 22,016 people reached Italy by boat in 2006, down slightly from 2005. But the sea crossings are not without their dangers - it is thought hundreds die attempting to reach Europe. In June this year, 24 Africans drowned after a dinghy capsized south of Malta.

SENDING MONEY HOME
Having migrated, many migrants send money home to family they have left behind. Billions of dollars each year is sent back to Africa from the diaspora around the world - in some cases making up a sizeable chunk of the home country's GDP.
BBC